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Peoples of the Sea

Part I, Chapter 1: Twelfth or Fourth Century?

NEXT:          Part I, Chapter 2: Persians and Greeks Invade Egypt

  • The Scheme of Things

  • Greek Letters on Tiles of Ramses III

  • Necropolis: Twelfth or Fourth Century?

  • Egypt Tributary to Arsa, a Foreigner

  • Arsames

T. Hayter Lewis:
     Tell-El-Yahoudeh

Hayter Lewis's essay was one of the sources Velikovsky used to "prove" the existence of 4th-Century Greek letters on tiles from the period of Ramses III (conventionally 13th-century BC).  Velikovsky ignored Hayter Lewis' perfectly reasonable explanation, which is accepted by most scholars who have looked into the issue.

Naville:
     The Mound of the Jew

Griffith:
     Tell El-Yahudiyeh
 

Naville and Griffith (see below) excavated together at Tell el-Yahudiyeh (actually, "Mound of the Jewess"), but came to opposite conclusions as to whether some of their finds dated to the 4th Century BC or the 13th.  Velikovsky settled on the 4th, transferring Ramses III from the earlier period to the later as an "alter-ego" of Nectanebo I.  These two contributions allow readers to see for themselves exactly what the two eminent Egyptologists wrote, including material that Velikovsky chose not to quote or otherwise engage with..

Brugsch-Bey:
     On and the City of Onias

This was a fourth source used by Velikovsky in his discussion of the "Greek-letter tiles of Ramses III".  Brugsch-Bey, like Naville and Hayter Lewis, concluded that they were made in the 2nd Century BC by Grecised Jewish tilers to decorate the Jewish Temple built, according to Josephus, within a ruined ancient Egyptian temple.

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